Sound flood risk management decision making is underpinned by flood risk analysis. Current methods applied at regional and local scales are often limited in their consideration of the potential for defences to fail. Ultimately this can lead to underestimates of the true risk and subsequent difficulties in justifying mitigation measures such as maintenance and replacement of defences. A methodology has been developed for assessing flood risk arising from fluvial and coastal sources that explicitly considers defence failures represented through fragility curves. This method requires consideration of flooding scenarios involving multiple defence section failures and flood events ranging in severity. It has therefore been necessary to develop a purpose-specific flood spreading method that is capable of simulating many flood events in practical timescales. The method has been applied to the Thames Estuary, where outputs including spatial maps of flood risk and defences attributed with residual risk have been used to support decisions relating to strategic flood risk management over the coming century. (Source: ICE Virtual Library 2012.)